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A visual inspection may or may not reveal ceiling joists. Examine the ceiling surface for clues like nails, screws, or small dimples used to attach drywall or plaster to the joists. Look for subtle indentations or ridges indicating a joist beneath the surface. Observe any patterns or symmetrical features in the ceiling that could indicate the presence of underlying structural elements.

In most cases, a roof inspection will include a visual inspection of the exterior roofing materials, an interior inspection for signs of leaking or roof damage, and an assessment of the structural stability of your roof and the materials supporting it. Some things your roof inspector will look for include the following:

• Missing or damaged shingles, flashing, or sealant

• Signs of old age

• Signs of leaks, including mold growth and water stains

• Potential issues, like tree branches touching your roof

• Signs of a loss of structural integrity

Closing out an open building permit requires that you have your professional schedule a final inspection of the work they completed. In some cases, like a roof replacement or solar installation, a building inspector from your local municipality may just carry out a drive-by inspection. In other cases, like new construction or a change to interior plumbing or electrical work, the inspector might need to gain access to your home to confirm that the work was done in accordance with the local building code.

In most cases, the most severe issue a home inspection report could identify is a structural problem, specifically related to the foundation. Foundation repairs are often the most expensive and intrusive repairs to carry out, averaging around $5,000 but sometimes reaching up to $16,000. You should ask questions during your home inspection about all of the issues your home inspector identifies, but you’ll likely need to think most about foundation problems and how they affect what you’re willing to pay for the home—that’s if you’re willing to move forward with the sale at all.