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Yes. Water can penetrate through a concrete foundation wall. This can happen whether or not you have cracks, as concrete is a porous material. You’ll want to take steps to waterproof your basement or crawl space.

Some foundation repairs are permanent, like underpinning and exterior drainage systems like the French drain. These fixes address the underlying problems—insufficient support from the soil and hydrostatic pressure on your foundation walls, respectively—so they can last for many decades, making them “lifetime fixes.” There are other solutions to address these issues that will last for up to a decade, making them temporary. These include slabjacking to raise concrete slabs back into place and dampproofing to reduce the water in the soil that interacts with the concrete foundation.

Whether or not repairing your foundation is worth it before selling depends on the extent of the damage, the cost of the foundation repair, and your timeline for relocating. If the damage is major or structural in nature, chances are you’ll sell at a higher price if you take care of the problem beforehand. You should consider the cost of the repair first, though, as laying out thousands might not be possible with your budget. Additionally, if you’re in a rush to relocate, you might want to repair before selling so as not to limit your buyer pool.

Most single-story homes don't have foundations strong enough to support a second story, but they can be reinforced for an addition. A structural engineer can assess your foundation and what needs to be done to get it ready. They'll look at any cracks or unevenness in your current foundation and consider any special framing or beams your home needs, especially if it’s in a high-wind or hurricane area.

“To support a second story, many structural engineers will require that you install additional concrete piers in the crawlspace,” says Tschudi. “This involves hand excavating, pouring a large concrete footing—usually with specially coated rebar—and then building concrete piers right up to the girders.”