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Concrete is extremely porous. Without a proper sealing, it will absorb just about anything it comes in contact with, including water and ice. During the colder months with freeze-thaw cycles, this could cause the concrete to crack and become damaged in other ways. You always want to seal your cleaned concrete surfaces after they’ve completely dried out.

Garage floor sealers last anywhere from one to 10 years on average, depending on the type of sealer you use and the traffic it’s exposed to. Acrylic sealers have the shortest longevity, whereas most other options can last anywhere from five to 10 years. If you use an acrylic sealant to protect against stains, reapply every one to two years. Reapply other types of concrete sealers every five years for the best results and maximum protection.

You can whiten concrete for unsealed and unfinished concrete with a solution or either muriatic acid or bleach and water—but never both. However, if your concrete does have a stain, finish, or polish, keep in mind that these hard chemicals could damage the topcoat. Your best bet otherwise is to power wash outdoor concrete slabs or clean indoor ones with a gentle cleaner such as laundry or dish detergent.

Flooring professionals can typically apply epoxy within one or two days, depending on how much preparation or repair the old floor needs before application. However, you’ll need to wait after the application is complete to use the flooring. While you can walk on the epoxy flooring before it fully cures, it can take up to 72 hours for the epoxy floor to fully dry and be ready for full use.