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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends testing your well at least once a year to check for bacteria and contaminants. If you live in an area prone to flooding, runoff, or any other environmental concerns, it can be a good idea to check two to three times per year.

You should check water pressure twice a year to ensure there aren’t any irregularities and that it isn’t too high. It’s also smart to check it any time you notice symptoms of high water pressure (like banging pipes, inconsistent water flow, and leaky fixtures). Similarly, if you live in an area that’s prone to water pressure fluctuations due to municipal supply changes, elevation, or seasonal temperature shifts, check it more frequently. You can buy an affordable water pressure gauge and check the water pressure yourself.

Well pumps need power to run, so they can’t function without electricity. If your power shuts off, there can sometimes be enough pressure in the water tank to allow for a lucky flush or a bit of tap water—but this won’t last long. It’s a good idea to have a backup generator or an alternative power source like solar if you’re worried about losing power.

Schedule annual inspections, test water pressure, and protect the pump from freezing temperatures.