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A cross brace for a fence gate should stretch from the top corner of the gate’s hinge side to the bottom corner of its latch side at a 45-degree angle to the bottom of the gate. This positioning distributes the bulk of the gate’s weight to the base of the post, taking pressure off the top hinge.

Pergolas have no base structure to hold them up, so it’s necessary to attach them to some type of foundation. Most pergolas require a minimum of at least four concrete footings to keep them solid and stable in the ground. Attaching the pergola to a concrete foundation is an option as well.

Typical pergola kits include four support columns, several rafters, top runners, support beams, and a base for bolting the structure to a concrete surface. The types of pergolas vary by manufacturer and feature. Some have only two support columns, with the rest of the structure leaning against a carport or patio. Others have retractable shade canopies to keep cool in the summer. 

Rather than using a common two-by-four piece of wood for a rafter, you probably will use two-by-six, two-by-eight, two-by-ten, or even two-by-twelve boards. Wider lumber is typically a better choice in a larger building as it provides more sturdiness. Some installers may use wider lumber for rafters near the edges of the roof, where the greatest stress occurs, and save money with narrower lumber toward the middle.