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Bears are most active at dawn and dusk. They can be active at any point during the day, but the hours after sunset and before sunrise are their primary feeding times. As far as time of year goes, bears are generally active from April to November and hibernate throughout the winter and early spring. Bears are more likely to be aggressive in the spring right after hibernation but more likely to be seen in the fall because they are preparing for hibernation.

Like many animals, gophers are bothered by strong scents. Peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil,  and coffee grounds can be used as deterrents against these pests. Similarly, you can try planting lavender, rosemary, sage, geraniums, or pine trees, as these plants all have strong smells that can ward away gophers. While it may be less pleasant to work with, coyote urine scares gophers by tricking the pests into thinking your yard is a predator hot spot.

Armadillos are attracted to water, so a leaky irrigation system or an overwatered lawn can encourage them to move in. They especially like wet areas where they can burrow and loose soil where they can dig for grubs. They are also attracted to dense ground cover, where they can often find food sources.

Moles live underground and feed on insects. They dig and move through tunnels, usually in meadows or forests but sometimes in lawns and gardens. They are about 6 inches long with large claws, tiny eyes, and hidden ears. 

Shrews do not dig their own tunnels but will use other animals’ tunnels, and are about 3 to 4 inches long. They look similar to mice and feed on insects.

Voles are similar in size to moles but have large eyes and small but visible ears. Rather than eating insects, voles are herbivores that prefer seeds, grasses, and plant roots.