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Fruit flies aren’t harmful by themselves, and they can’t bite or sting you. They can, however, spread bacteria around your home and can be a nuisance to live with. That’s why it’s important to eliminate fruit fly infestations quickly and enact preventative measures to keep them out of your house.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), fleas can carry human disease-causing pathogens for Plague, Flea-borne typhus, and Cat scratch disease. These diseases are caused by fleas such as Oropsylla montana, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Ctenocephalides felis, and are commonly found in rural areas of the western United States, California, Texas, and Hawaii. Fleaborne parasites like tapeworms can also be spread to people and animals if they accidentally swallow an infected flea, and small children are at a higher risk. Symptoms may not be present in most infected people.

In general, mouse droppings can remain infectious for 2 to 3 days at room temperature. Through their urine and feces, rodents can spread harmful diseases to humans. Common infectious diseases include hantavirus, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, and LCM.

However, depending on the specific virus and environmental conditions, mouse droppings can carry viruses for shorter or longer periods of time. For example, Salmonella can survive in mouse droppings several days and even weeks.

Flea and bed bug infestations are equally difficult (and gross) to remove from your home, requiring professional treatments and long-term follow-up prevention. However, fleas are worse pests to have in your home because they can carry and spread disease to your pets and household members. You should take action to eradicate fleas and bed bugs as soon as you spot them in your home.