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A correctly installed air filter will fit snugly in its compartment. One that’s too thick or big won’t lie smoothly, and it can block the airflow, sometimes resulting in strange noises. A filter that’s too small or improperly fitted may move around in the compartment, resulting in strange humming or vibration noises. Poor fitting can eventually cause a buildup of dirt in the HVAC ductwork, and reduced indoor air quality can lead to sneezing or excess dust on your surfaces.

As a general rule, HVAC air filters should be replaced every one to three months (or every 90 days). However, the ideal frequency depends on several factors, including the filter type and your home's environment. For instance, if you use thinner filters (1-2 inches deep), have pets, have household members with allergies, smoke indoors, or frequently keep windows open, you may need to change the filter as often as once a month. It's best to follow the manufacturer's recommendation as a guideline and visually inspect the filter monthly to see if it's dirty. Regular filter changes are crucial for maintaining proper airflow, good indoor air quality, and efficient HVAC system operation.

Sometimes, you can clean an HVAC filter rather than replace it. If you have a washable filter, also known as a permanent or semi-permanent HVAC filter, wash the filter once per month. However, if you have filters that are not labeled as washable, do not attempt to clean them and reuse them. Many HVAC filters are disposable, and you’ll need to buy a whole new filter to replace dirty disposable filters.

While you can run your HVAC system without an air filter, it isn’t something professionals recommend—especially not for an extended period. It can reduce indoor air quality, clog air ducts, and strain your system. This can lead to performance issues, higher energy bills, costly repairs, and a reduction in the system's lifespan.