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Yes, ceiling joists are typically load-bearing. However, their primary function is to support the weight of the ceiling and loads applied to it, like lighting fixtures and ceiling fans. They can also help support the roof, especially if they’re part of truss systems. Remember, the load-bearing capacity of ceiling joists depends on the material, size, and space between them. 

Joists do distribute their load to beams, but they don’t sit on top of the beams. Instead, home builders nail or screw the joists directly to the beams such that the end of the joist butts up against the edge of the beam. Beams can sit on other beams for support, but you’ll never see a joist sitting on top of a beam or another joist.

While carpenters and woodworkers perform similar tasks, their focus differs. A carpenter is typically responsible for the structural woodwork involved in construction, such as framing, installing sheathing, hanging kitchen cabinets, and installing trusses. In contrast, a woodworker handles more intricate and custom projects, like building custom furniture, installing wainscoting, and creating detailed interior trim and moldings. Based on these definitions, many woodworkers can perform the tasks of a carpenter, but it's always best to discuss your specific project with a professional to ensure they have the necessary skills.

Tipping contractors, builders, or general contractors is not customary or expected. Unlike many service professions where tipping is built into the payment structure, construction professionals typically charge a full rate for their services. However, you may choose to tip a worker for exceptional service, such as if they go above and beyond, stay late to meet a deadline, or work on a holiday weekend. Before offering a tip, it's a good idea to ask about the company's policy, as some prohibit their employees from accepting gratuities. If you want to show your appreciation for a job well done without giving a cash tip, consider writing a positive online review or offering to serve as a reference for potential new customers.