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Insulation can be easy to install, depending on the condition of your walls, but there are many safety considerations and potential challenges involved. For example, most types of insulation are made from materials that can cause irritation if inhaled or if they come into contact with your skin. Additionally, installing insulation incorrectly can actually make moisture issues in your home worse.

Yes, usually you will need some kind of vapor barrier on the exterior walls when the framing is attached to concrete and masonry surfaces.

The lifespan of crawl space insulation depends on how well you maintain your insulation and the type of insulation. Fiberglass will need replacing every 15 to 20 years on average if you don't have a vapor barrier in place. If you do have vapor barriers in place, then your insulation could last much longer. Spray foam insulation can last anywhere from 80 to 100 years. 

R-30 insulation is better for higher thermal resistance, but whether it’s "better" depends on the application. R-30 is much thicker and suited for areas like attics or floors in cold climates, where more insulation is required. R-13, on the other hand, is thinner and works well for 2x4 walls or milder climates where less insulation is sufficient. Choosing between R-13 and R-30 depends on the area being insulated and the climate. For example, R-30 provides more insulation but may not fit everywhere in your home.