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Your local building code will list all the framing requirements for whatever type of structure you're building. Most exterior walls require spacing of 16 inches on-center, while many non-load-bearing interior walls only require 24 inches of spacing. However, there are also varying requirements depending on your construction material, so checking your municipality's rules is essential.

There are a few options if you miss a stud. You can simply patch the hole with spackle, sand it down, repaint it, and then find the stud—essentially starting over. If you don’t want to do that, you can insert one of the more robust drywall anchor options and hang your item on that, but that will only work if the drywall is in excellent condition and the anchor is rated for the weight of the item you’re hanging on it. You may be able to cover the hole with the object itself once it’s mounted, but it’s still recommended to at least fill the hole to protect insulation and prevent vermin from entering.  

You can enclose an open carport, however, there are several things to consider before opting to do so. You'll want to check local building codes and permit requirements before proceeding to make sure it’s legal. While you can sometimes stick-frame a carport enclosure, pre-fab kits are also available. Remember that you'll likely need to meet concrete slab regulations and provide lighting inside the structure. Both of which could substantially drive up costs.

There are a few easy ways to locate a wall stud without a stud finder. First, try knocking on the wall with your knuckles. Most parts of the wall will sound hollow, but when you tap over a stud, it will sound more solid. Alternatively, since studs are spaced 16 or 24 inches apart, you can measure those distances from a corner of the room, which will always have a stud.