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The frequency for sealing granite countertops depends on several factors, including the type of sealant used, the color of the granite, and how heavily the countertops are used. As a general guideline, resealing is often recommended every 12 to 18 months, but some sources suggest it could be as often as every few months or at least once a year.

The type of sealant is a major factor: water-based sealants may need reapplication every six months to a year, while more durable solvent-based sealants can last for five to 10 years. Additionally, factors like heavy kitchen traffic, frequent use of acidic cleaners, and lighter granite colors may require more frequent sealing to prevent staining.

To determine if your countertops need resealing, you can perform a simple water test. Place a few drops of water or a wet paper towel on an inconspicuous area of the granite. After 10 to 15 minutes, check the spot. If the water has beaded up, the seal is still intact. If the water has been absorbed and darkened the stone, it's time to apply a new coat of sealant. You can choose to seal the granite yourself or hire a professional to ensure it's done correctly.

Standing water can lead to surface discoloration if your granite countertops are improperly sealed. However, it’s possible to remove hard water stains with a baking soda paste. Take more care with acidic liquids, such as fruit juice or red wine, which can leave more permanent stains. That’s why it’s so important to reseal these surfaces regularly.

A water-based, low- or no-VOC sealer is typically a good choice for marble countertops. Choose a sealant that is certified safe for contact with food when applying to kitchen countertops. For high-traffic areas, look for formulas that have heat-resistant and acid-resistant features. While there are economical and convenient spray-on sealers, they don’t coat the surface as effectively as the ones you apply with a pad or brush. 

While quartz is highly stain-resistant, it is not completely stain-proof. Spills, including water, should be wiped up as soon as possible to prevent staining. Minor stains are usually not permanent and can be removed using a quartz-safe cleaner, a simple mixture of dish soap and water, or a baking soda paste applied with a soft microfiber cloth. For severe stains that persist, professional treatment may be necessary, and in rare cases, countertop repair or replacement might be required.