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The most common hog wire gauge for a fence is 12.5. However, you can choose from a few gauges based on your needs. While 12.5 is a reliable gauge for penning in large, strong animals, 9 gauge is a better option of you have large animals that are easily spooked, such as horses. For smaller animals, like dogs or pigs, you can use a 16 gauge hog wire.

If you’re trying to keep your dog from running away, an electric fence isn’t the only fence type for your yard worth considering. The cost of dog fences can range from $1,500 to $8,000, with popular materials including wood, vinyl, or aluminum to keep your pet safe and sound. 

If you’re trying to keep livestock in their pasture, other fencing options include woven wire, high-tensile wire, and synthetic fencing. These options give your animals boundaries without the use of electricity. 

Generally, the height of your dog fence should be 3 times the distance from the ground to your dog’s shoulder. For most small breeds, a 4-foot high fence will be more than enough to keep them from jumping out. Medium-sized breeds like Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds will need at least a 5-6 foot fence to stay contained. Large breeds that are also excellent jumpers, such as Greyhounds, may need a 7-foot high fence. 

Whether you need a permit to build or install a fence depends on several factors, including your location, the fence's height, its placement in your yard, and the materials used. In many cities and highly populated areas, a permit is required, especially for fences taller than 6 feet. Conversely, rural areas may have fewer restrictions. Typically, backyard privacy fences 6 feet or shorter do not require a permit, while front yard fences often have a lower height limit, sometimes as low as 3.5 feet. There can also be exceptions for properties in mixed residential-commercial zones. It's best to check with your local building inspection or zoning department to understand the specific requirements, height restrictions, and location rules for your area. A professional fence installer can help you navigate this process and often secure the necessary permits for you, though this may extend the project timeline.