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Though they may look similar, tar and bitumen come from different sources. Bitumen is a petroleum product—extracted during crude oil refining—and is mostly made up of hydrocarbons. Tar comes from burning down organic materials like coal or wood. Bitumen is strictly oil-based, while tar is a mix of compounds from natural sources. Both are used as binders in paving; however, bitumen is the standard for today’s asphalt. Tar use has mostly faded out of road construction.

Maintaining a driveway depends on the material your driveway is made of. Concrete and asphalt should be sealed to protect against water and freeze-thaw cycles. Cracks and expansion joints should be filled with a flexible polyurethane caulk or asphalt sealer. Before you apply a sealant to your driveway, consider pressure washing the surface. It will take off any loose sealant and any grime that might have caused a stain. Sealing over dirt and stains will trap it under the sealer.

If you live in colder climates, consider using sand rather than salt to de-ice. Sand helps melt the snow and ice without speeding up the freezing and unthawing process of your driveway, which helps prevent cracks from forming from the constant fluctuation of temperatures.

Ideally, you should seal your driveway when there won’t be rain for several days, but at a minimum, there can’t be rain for at least 24 hours. If it rains shortly after you seal your driveway, the water can wash away the sealer and render your work useless. You’ll have to wait for your driveway to dry out and try applying again. Note that some sealers—like oil-based sealers or specialty fast-drying sealers—may cure faster. Ask your contractor for information on timing before the install, and if there’s rain in the forecast, postpone the job.

You should plan on sealing your driveway about once every five years, although you should plan to do it once every three years if your area experiences frequent rain or snow. Sealing your driveway protects it from moisture, UV rays, and chemicals from your car, like motor oil and antifreeze. If you find that your driveway stains easily or appears to be cracking or fading, you may want to schedule a sealing service regardless of when you last sealed it.