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Energy-efficient windows are judged on their performance according to a few different factors, including heat transfer, air leakage, light transference, and condensation resistance. If you're unsure whether a window is energy-efficient, look for an ENERGY STAR® label from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). If various products, including windows, meet energy-efficiency standards set by the federal government, the EPA issues this label to help consumers identify energy-efficient products.

The disadvantages of putting plastic over your windows are that they are time-consuming to install and don’t always have the aesthetic that you may be looking for. The plastic is lightweight and not at all sturdy, so if you have kids or pets, the plastic can rip easily, meaning you’ll need to replace it often. It also doesn’t allow for the freedom of window movement that window film or shades offer. The single advantage that plastic window coverings have is that they are inexpensive and can be simple to install.

Windows last between 15 and 30 years on average. The glass tends to last for around 20 years, while the frames last up to 50 years. This varies by the type of window frame material, glass quality, location, and level of maintenance. Wood frames have the shortest lifespan and require repainting or resealing every couple of years, while fiberglass has one of the longest lifespans.

To keep cold out, look for treatments that sit close to the window frame and are made from thick, insulating materials. Thermal curtains, cellular shades, window quilts, and insulated shutters can all help retain heat. Layering window treatments, like pairing lined curtains with cellular shades, can provide even better insulation by further reducing drafts and heat transfer.