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The most common toilet repair is dealing with clogs, followed closely by replacing a worn-out flapper. While clogs can happen anytime in any toilet, they most commonly occur with older toilets that have smaller diameter clearances and often empty into smaller diameter sewer connections. Because toilet flappers only last a few years, they are next in line for the most common toilet failures.

The lifespan of a toilet can vary significantly. While the porcelain body itself can last up to 50 years or more with proper care, most plumbers suggest an average functional lifespan of 10 to 25 years, and many homeowners replace their toilets after about 20 years.

A toilet's longevity is influenced by factors like maintenance quality, hard water buildup, and damage to the finish. It's also important to note that internal components have much shorter lifespans than the bowl; for example, flappers may last only a few years, while fill valves can last around 10 years.

Even if an older toilet is still functional, consider upgrading to a high-efficiency model to save on water costs.

To test for toilet leaks, use water coloring in the water tank and see if the water slips into the bowl from the tank. This test will indicate if there’s a problem with the flapper or refill tube. You can also put water coloring in the bowl of the toilet to see if there is a leak there. If there is, you should see the colored water on the outside of the toilet bowl or on the floor. 

Tools include a wrench, plunger, and wax ring. Professionals use specialized tools for complex installations.