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A floating concrete slab is considered a footing since it distributes the weight of the structure to the soil, but not all concrete slabs are considered footings. For example, a T-shaped slab includes separate footings below the slab that support the concrete above and push the load further down into the ground. In that case, the slab would not be considered a footing.

Natural ice melts can often get the job done without damaging concrete. You can try non-corrosive options such as kitty litter, alfalfa meal, coffee grounds, sugar beet juice, and heated snow-melting mats. While they may cause some staining, these natural melts are safe for concrete, pets, and the environment.

Acid-based concrete stain is generally considered the best option because it lasts about four times as long and penetrates the deepest into concrete to give richer, full-bodied colors. If you prefer more vibrant colors, though, many water-based concrete stains are available that could provide a solution you can't find from earth-toned acid-based solutions.

Concrete should be at least 4 inches thick for steps. This thickness boosts stability and prevents cracking and deterioration. After you’ve built your forms out of wood, fill the void with a sand or gravel base for concrete. Use an all-purpose concrete mix to form your steps. After pouring your concrete steps, be sure to screed and float the concrete.