How to Design a House in 7 Steps

Begin by getting real about the numbers. The cost to build a house typically ranges between $100 and $500 per square foot. On average, you'll spend about $300,000 in total for most builds depending on location, size, and every detail you choose to make your house a home. While your team will help you determine a realistic budget during the design process, it's important to calculate how much you can afford and which type of home loan is best for you.

There's a reason you've chosen to learn how to build your own house, and your must-have list is likely it. Make this list before choosing the plot of land whenever possible. Your list may include the number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and communal living areas. 

The list should be specific about your requirements for an outdoor living space, major home systems such as your HVAC, and its relation to major utilities such as a local sewer system. This is also a good time to consider accessibility requirements for you and your family members. Keep this list on hand when initial meeting with your prospective design team.

Now that you have a list of the deal breakers, throw caution to the wind and brainstorm with abandon. Peruse architectural websites, magazines, and pictures of your dream neighborhoods during this phase. While the process may feel generic, use the brainstorm phrase to narrow down the following categories.

Choose a Home Style

Architectural home styles offer a launching-off point for your home designer and architect. Even brand-new homes can emulate the look of a classic Victorian, Craftsman home or a log cabin. Additionally, get to know the other homes in the area where you plan to build to pull inspiration from the look of your block. At this stage, it's important to check in with local HOAs and city building codes to ensure there are no restrictions on home styles.

Consider Floor Plan Ideas

Consider your ideal floor plan to map out the interior of your home and advise what the exterior will need to accommodate. If you're dreaming of an open floor plan, for example, an architect must know this early on to design a structurally stable home to support wall-free spaces. Take this moment to determine if you want a one-, two-, or even three-story home as well. Make a list of each individual space you would like in your new home, including transitional areas such as foyers and hallways.

Make a List of Nice-to-Haves

Here's where you get to let loose. Have you always wanted a solarium? How about an en-suite bathroom in the primary bedroom? Get as specific as the type of Italian marble on the countertops or the spiral staircase leading up to your guest bedroom. Knowing this list ahead of time can help you and your team decide on the style of each must-have on your list.

Gather all the information from your must-have and nice-to-have lists and write a home design brief for your team. The list will include everything from your ideal home style to the approximate dimensions you'd prefer for each room. Include the individual spaces, the ideal home systems, and even the placement of major appliances. A brief is invaluable when interviewing a design team, though remember that many architects will help you solidify this brief as you begin collaborating.

With the brainstorming behind you and the plot of land secured, it's time to look at some visuals. Work with your design team to determine your home's indoor and outdoor layout. This step goes beyond the floor plan and takes the property into account as well. Here's what to consider.

Land Survey

The land you've purchased should include a comprehensive land survey so you and your builders know the plot details. If not, you must hire a local land surveyor to analyze the area. The survey will determine the slope of the lawn, major natural elements such as trees, and drainage issues.

Determine Outdoor Space

What size outdoor space would you prefer, and how will you use it? During this stage, your team of designers will help you take the land survey and determine the best placement of patios, play areas, and gardens. The step will also dictate the exterior structure of your home.

Solidify Your Home Layout

You and your designer can work with stock home layouts or customize the house shape with 3-D CAD software. Take each item from your brief and get specific. Determine the square footage of each room, the placement of windows for ample sunlight, and where major structural elements will live, such as the stairways.

With your initial collaboration complete, you and your team will make major decisions so that your draftsperson can draw up blueprints. Blueprints cost an average of $1,800 but keep in mind that custom homes can push the price up to $20,000 for complex projects. Here's what you will determine during this pre-construction phase.

Foundation

Blueprints will consider the type of foundation necessary for both the land and your home layout. Choosing the type of foundation will allow you to plan for potentially finishing the basement or placing storage space elsewhere in the house.

Major Home Systems

While construction blueprints do not always include HVAC, plumbing, and wiring, it's essential to consider your ideal options so your home designer can plan for them. These blueprints will come later when you receive electrical drawings and plans for your rough-in plumbing.

Local Building Codes

You and your team should take this time to confirm local building codes. If you live in a flood, fire, or earthquake-prone area, you may be required to use specific building materials or keep your home to a particular floor plan. Building codes will also clarify your home's distance from local utility lines, easements such as sidewalks, and major natural elements such as bodies of water.

While you will have discussed options during the briefing stage, now's the time to solidify details such as flooring, countertops, exterior siding, and cabinetry. The process will help your contractors source materials within your timeframe and bring in specialists if necessary. For example, installing hardwood floors may affect construction earlier in the process.

You can also take this opportunity to hire an interior designer or an interior decorator. They will help you coordinate furniture placement, paint colors, and even choose fixtures in your bathroom and throughout the house.