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Pea gravel is the most common type of gravel, and it can be made of limestone, granite, basalt, sandstone, and many other types of rock. The strength in gravel comes from the distribution across the stones, so while one rock type may not be particularly strong (like sandstone), the matrix of small rocks that is gravel can become incredibly strong when installed correctly. 

A light layer of mulch can help protect a tree, retain moisture, and keep the soil healthy. However, it’s important to avoid over-mulching or piling the mulch up around the trunk of a tree, a practice notoriously called “volcano mulching.” That piled mulch can increase the chances of rot and disease on the tree trunk as well as overwhelming the soil, which needs access to a certain amount of air. Topped trees have it hard enough: mulch sparingly while they heal.

The main benefit of topsoil is that it enriches the soil with nutrients that help your plants and garden grow at a healthy rate. Topsoil improves how well your soil drains water and gives it a more fertile texture, so that not only do you get better planting, but weeding is also much easier.

Using sand under stepping stones can be beneficial in certain situations. Sand can help level the ground and provide stability for the stepping stones, especially if the ground is uneven. It also allows for minor adjustments during the installation process. However, sand may not be the best choice for all environments. In areas with high foot traffic or heavy rain, sand may wash away or become displaced, leading to an uneven surface. In such cases, a more stable base material like gravel or crushed stone is preferable. Consider your specific landscape conditions before deciding whether to use sand under stepping stones.