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While power washing isn't a requirement before you stain a fence, it can make the job much easier and faster while reducing manual labor requirements. The stain will not work if the wood is full of dirt and dust, so power washing, sometimes called pressure washing, is a fast and effective way to prepare the wood for staining. Remember that you need to stain or repaint relatively soon after the wood has dried so that there isn’t time for dust and dirt to build up again. 

The best time to stain a fence is when the weather is dry and temperatures are between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Late spring, early summer, and fall are typically the best seasons for this project. You should avoid staining during very hot weather, like in the middle of summer, or when it is raining. Heat and moisture can cause the stain to dry unevenly. Likewise, if it's too cold, such as in winter or early spring, the stain may not be able to dry fully. Before you start, check the forecast to ensure there will be no rain and low humidity for at least a few days.

Regular cleaning, rust-proof coatings, and checking fasteners help prolong the lifespan.

You can apply stain over peeling stain, but it’s not a good idea. Your old stain will get in the way of your new stain bonding to the wood, so you’re likely going to see the same issue again shortly after application. Your best option is to sand off the old stain and clean the surface thoroughly before applying new stain.