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There is no real alternative to underpinning, although mudjacking and polyjacking are other repair methods that can add support from underneath your foundation. Rather than placing supportive piers under your structure, these involve pumping a material under your slab to lift a sunken section back into its original position. Polyjacking, in particular, is sometimes a suitable solution for stabilization issues under slab foundations, but underpinning is often accepted as the best and most permanent solution.

A good slump height really depends on the project, but there is a use for nearly all slump levels. For example, low slumps are best in projects that require structure, such as curbs and roads. High slumps often require additional reinforcement, but they flow more freely into hard-to-reach spaces.

Most houses are expected to settle over time, but foundation sinking of more than a few inches or uneven sinking of more than an inch for every 20 feet is cause for concern. Any significant or uneven sinking should be assessed by a professional to determine the cause and perform any necessary repairs. 

Generally speaking, push piers—or steel piers—are the best option for underpinning, as they reach down to solid bedrock to find support for your foundation rather than relying on soil, which could be subject to the same issues as the soil directly below your foundation. However, the best underpinning method for your home depends on your location, how far down the bedrock is, and the type of soil in your area. Helical piers are usually the best option for sandy soil or in areas where the bedrock is too deep to use steel piers.