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A light layer of mulch can help protect a tree, retain moisture, and keep the soil healthy. However, it’s important to avoid over-mulching or piling the mulch up around the trunk of a tree, a practice notoriously called “volcano mulching.” That piled mulch can increase the chances of rot and disease on the tree trunk as well as overwhelming the soil, which needs access to a certain amount of air. Topped trees have it hard enough: mulch sparingly while they heal.

A good driveway should have a solid base layer and a smooth surface layer of gravel. A base layer of larger gravel, around 1 to 2 inches, keeps the foundation stable and helps with drainage. For the top layer, smaller gravel, about 1/4 to 1/2 inches, compacts well and creates an even surface that’s easier to drive on. Using both ensures the driveway stays durable, drains properly, and doesn’t shift over time.

The best type of rock for landscaping depends on your needs. If you want to build an affordable driveway, consider gravel. If you want an aesthetically pleasing patio, you can’t go wrong with flagstone. If you’re building a water feature, consider river rock as the base. Start by figuring out your landscaping project, then choose the best rock for that project.

How tall your mulch should be around your tree depends on the type of mulch you use, but aim for 3 to 4 inches as a rule of thumb. You’ll want to avoid simply piling it up in hopes of offering additional benefits to your tree. Volcano mulching is the infamous term for piling way too much mulch against the stem of your tree. This could actually kill your tree or severely harm it, as your tree trunk needs space to breathe without too much moisture.