R-value stands for resistance value and is a number assigned to insulation that states how good the insulation is at heat transference (insulation). The R-value of injection foam is around 4 which homeowners will be happy to know is actually quite good. Another benefit of injection foam versus fiberglass foam is that the colder it gets, the more injection foam retains its resistance properties, whereas fiberglass tends to lose its efficiency in colder temperatures.

STC (Sound Transmission Class) is a rating that describes how well a building material or assembly blocks airborne sound. A higher STC rating means less noise will pass through the material, providing better sound reduction. This rating system applies to various building components, including windows, doors, flooring, drywall, and insulation.

For context, a typical single-pane window has an STC rating of around 25 (where normal conversations are audible), while a well-sealed, double-pane window can exceed STC 45 (blocking loud speech and most music). It is important to note that for some products, like soundproofing drywall, the STC rating refers to the entire wall system, not just the individual panel.

Additionally, STC ratings are most effective for measuring sound reduction at mid-to-high frequencies, such as human speech, and may not accurately reflect how well a material blocks low-frequency sounds like bass music or thunder. Because of these factors, it is recommended to consult a professional to determine the right STC-rated materials for your specific soundproofing needs.

The amount and type of insulation your home needs depends on your location, climate, and the specific installation area (attic, walls, or floors). Your local building code will typically determine the minimum required R-value. For specific recommendations, Energy Star suggests the following R-values: homes in the Southern U.S. should have R30 to R60 in attics and R13 to R25 in floors and walls; homes in moderate climates need R38 to R60 in attics and R25 to R30 in floors and walls; and homes in northern states require R49 to R60 in attics and R25 to R30 in floors and walls.

If you have bubble wrap lying around the house and you don’t care about the odd look, taping bubble wrap over a window is a very affordable way to insulate it. Another inexpensive option for insulating windows is to add new caulk around the glass. This step quickly cuts down on air drafts for older windows, and a tube of caulk only costs a few dollars. Adding plastic shrink film around the glass is another cost-effective option. You can purchase a kit of plastic film for a few dollars per window.