Tree roots can take weeks to years to die, depending on the method you use. Chemical herbicides take the least amount of time—typically between three and four weeks—while homemade methods, like covering an old stump with leaves, could take between seven and eight years. If you’re unsure which method to use or how quickly you need to act, consulting with a pro is always a good idea.

Yes, tree roots can regenerate after they’re pruned or cut. In fact, trimming can stimulate new growth, especially in healthy trees. The tree’s roots can still grow back even after a tree is cut down, (and learning how to get rid of regrowing tree roots is a separate feat). Still, if you don’t wish to harm a tree, pruning the roots should be done with extreme care, and ideally by a professional.

Deciduous shade trees (the type of trees whose leaves fall off in autumn) need to be pruned in late winter—between February and March. That’s because it’s easier to find and remove sick or dead branches when no leaves are present. And wounds close and heal faster in colder temperatures so pruning them at this time also makes them less prone to infection.

Trees provide many benefits, including shade, habitat for local wildlife, and cleaner air, so it’s always a good idea to try an alternative strategy like crown reduction before you chop one down. But sometimes, cutting down a tree is the only option (like if it’s severely diseased). A licensed arborist can assess the tree and recommend the best course of action.