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Many horizontal cracks in home foundations result from water and soil pressure from outside of the building or from a footing that is shifting. Under those circumstances, horizontal cracks are a structural problem that requires repair before they become worse and more difficult to fix. However, in very specific cases, thin horizontal cracks may simply be a cosmetic blemish due to concrete shrinkage.

Most single-story homes don't have foundations strong enough to support a second story, but they can be reinforced for an addition. A structural engineer can assess your foundation and what needs to be done to get it ready. They'll look at any cracks or unevenness in your current foundation and consider any special framing or beams your home needs, especially if it’s in a high-wind or hurricane area.

“To support a second story, many structural engineers will require that you install additional concrete piers in the crawlspace,” says Tschudi. “This involves hand excavating, pouring a large concrete footing—usually with specially coated rebar—and then building concrete piers right up to the girders.”

There are a few ways to reinforce a pier and beam foundation, including installing additional piers and beams for added support and performing underpinning, which redistributes the weight of your home further down into the ground where frost and soil expansion don’t pose a threat to the foundation. The best option for reinforcement varies based on your particular home and the soil conditions beneath it.

Yes, it is worth repairing concrete cracks. Concrete cracks are normal, and they can be hard to keep from appearing. However, it is worth repairing cracks in concrete for many reasons. For example, it’s possible to repair concrete to the point where the repair is almost invisible. Also, if the crack is left alone, it can become bigger and more expensive to fix over time.