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Removing the original paint or stain before refinishing is a good idea, as it ensures the new finish bonds strongly to the wood. If you skip the stripping or sanding step, the new finish may peel or flake away from the railing easily. Using a wood stripper will completely remove the old stain or paint while sanding will help to prime the surface.

You can certainly seal butcher block countertops, but not permanently. Due to the nature of the materials, it will require resurfacing down the line. This is true no matter what you use to seal the countertop, including polyurethane and mineral oil. Polyurethane will last until the countertop is damaged in some way, and mineral oil should be reapplied every two to three months. To maximize the longevity of the polyurethane sealer, apply two coats.

If the scratch is large enough that it compromises the integrity of the wood, a wood filler probably won’t be enough to fix the problem. In that case, you might need to sand and refinish the entire floor or replace a board. If you do use a filler, use one that’s appropriate for the scratch. Water-based wood fillers work for small gaps or gouges, while epoxy has added strength to fill larger scratches and gaps.

Wood stain does go bad, but it will last in the can for between three and six years, provided you use proper storage techniques. Storing wood stain in open containers or in extremely low or high temperatures will cause your wood stain to become unusable much more quickly. Water- and latex-based wood stains typically last for just two to four years, while oil-based wood stains can last for three to six years.