A lead paint inspection is a thorough examination and assessment of a building or structure to determine the presence of lead-based paint. Lead-based paint was commonly used in buildings before 1978 when its health hazards were fully understood. Lead is toxic and can pose health risks, particularly to young children and pregnant women. Getting a lead paint inspection means finding a lead paint inspector to examine the surfaces of the building—such as walls, ceilings, doors, windows, and other painted areas—and identify the presence of lead-based paint.

“Testing” can start with your senses: Assessing your water’s appearance, taste, and smell can all be good first steps. The best way to know for sure what’s going on with your water is to use a well water testing kit, which can tell you about the specific levels of bacteria, dissolved solids, and hardness of your water with precision. Have a pro test your well water at least once per year.

Structural problems with the foundation or roof, water damage, and significant plumbing or electrical issues are all considered major red flags in a home inspection. Of these, a structural problem related to the foundation is often the most severe. Foundation repairs are typically the most expensive and intrusive to carry out, averaging around $5,000 but sometimes reaching up to $16,000. Because these problems can pose safety risks and be costly to fix, you should ask your inspector detailed questions about any identified issues. You will need to carefully consider how major problems affect what you’re willing to pay for the home, or if you want to proceed with the sale at all.

While not all homes built before 1978 contain lead paint, enough do, so you’ll still want to test to be on the safe side. The federal government banned lead-based paint for homes in 1978, but your state may have banned lead before that time. Around 24% of homes built between 1960 and 1977 contained lead-based paint, while 87% of homes built before 1940 contained lead-based paint.