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Generally, it is not necessary to remove old mulch before applying a new layer. As organic mulch breaks down, it enriches the soil with nutrients. However, you should remove the old layer if it shows signs of fungus or disease, which can be common in moist areas, or if the total depth is already too thick. Avoid letting the total mulch depth exceed 3 inches, as this can harm plant roots. If you do remove old, disease-free mulch, it can be added to a compost pile.

It may sound icky, but yes, urine encourages microbial activity that breaks down organic matter faster. It’s rich in nitrogen, which helps balance carbon-heavy materials like dry leaves or straw. Use sparingly and apply it to a well-balanced pile, not one already high in nitrogen. 

It typically takes six to 12 months for leaves to decompose entirely. The process involves the mulch composting into your lawn to deliver nutrients that facilitate grass growth. The recommended process is to spread a thick layer of leaf mulch over your garden and let it marinate for a few seasons for best long-term results.

Yard waste should be professionally removed at least once per season, particularly during major landscaping projects, fall leaf accumulation, or after severe weather. Regular removal promotes lawn health and maintains a neat exterior.