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The first thing you should do when cleaning smoke damage is open all your windows to ventilate the affected area and run an air purifier with a HEPA filter. Cover your furniture and belongings to prevent soot accumulation, and vacuum any soot that’s on the floor and other surfaces. Be sure to wear a mask, gloves, and eye protection when cleaning the affected area.

Hard materials like glass, metal, and hardwood floors, washable fabrics, and undamaged electrical appliances can often be salvaged after a fire, although it depends on the extent of the damage. For washable fabrics, make sure to use a phosphate mix during the washing process to extract the smoke smell. There are a few things you should throw away after a fire, like canned foods and cosmetics, even if they don’t look like they’re damaged.

Yes, carpets should be replaced after a house fire or significant smoke damage, even if they appear undamaged. Smoke, soot, particulates, and chemicals can penetrate deep into the carpet fibers and padding, making complete removal a complicated and time-consuming process. If water was used to extinguish the fire, it can also soak through the carpet and padding, creating a risk of mold and mildew growth. Due to these challenges and potential health risks, replacing the carpet is the safest and most effective solution.

After a house fire, you should not reenter your home unless the fire crew has told you it’s safe to do so. In the longer term, you should not attempt to make repairs to the house on your own. Professional crews are trained to clean up after a fire (including smoke and soot damage), dry out any water damage from the firefighter crews, and make the necessary structural, plumbing, and electrical repairs—and this is all likely covered by insurance.