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Putting too much lime on your lawn can change the soil's pH level from acidic to alkaline. While grass doesn't do well in acidic soils, an alkaline situation can be just as detrimental to its health. Alkaline soil blocks the grass's ability to absorb vital nutrients necessary for survival. If you apply too much lime, you can reverse the effects over a relatively short time by applying commercially available products designed for the purpose or by adding compost to the soil.

First, you should figure out whether you have dormant or dead grass. Dead grass won’t come back, so you’ll have to reseed if you’re hoping for a lush lawn. However, grass can go dormant if it hasn’t received enough water or if temperatures are too cold. If it’s still decently warm outside, you can revive dormant grass by watering it. But if it’s mid-January in New England, for example, you’ll need to wait until the weather warms up again. If you want to keep grass green in winter, consider a grass like Kentucky bluegrass, which maintains its color year-round.

Powdery mildew tends to grow mostly on leafy plants. The mold itself isn’t particularly harmful, except for those who are allergic to mold. However, you should treat it like you’d treat the discovery of any other mold, and get rid of it immediately. Powdery mildew can spread to your home, which can cause expensive damage. 

Yellow patches, poor growth, or widespread weeds indicate a need for treatment. Soil testing can confirm nutritional deficiencies that require intervention.