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How many fish can call your pond home depends on the volume of the pond and the fish size. Your pond's filtration system also influences the number of fish that will thrive in a pond. A general rule of thumb is to have 1 inch of fish for every square foot in a pond that's 2 feet deep. Another rule of thumb you can follow is to have one koi fish for every 200 gallons of water or two goldfish for every 200 gallons.

Yes, it is possible to make a fountain without a pump, though it may seem less intuitive and will require a bit more effort to use. In lieu of an electric pump, there are a few options including hand-cranked pumps or sprinkler systems that can work to provide water for a fountain.

When deep cleaning your koi pond, transfer fish to a clean, uncontaminated container at least one foot deep, like a large bucket, tub, or kiddie pond. Fill the container with their existing pond water to avoid shocking them, and place the container in full or partial shade. When it’s time to reintroduce them into the pond, slowly add the new water to the container before adding the fish and container water back into the pond.

While there’s always a possibility that pests will appear in and around a natural swimming pool—much like regular swimming pools—they largely deter pests due to their natural filtration system, which keeps things clean and the water constantly moving.