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If the lead paint is in a place that is not easily disturbed and is not flaking or deteriorating, you do not necessarily need to remove it. Lead is toxic when dust particles or flakes from peeling lead paint are ingested. If people are not in the area with the lead paint, it may be safe to leave it in place. You still may want to consider encapsulation with a paint formulated for covering lead-based paint, just for an added layer of protection.

Lead toxicity comes from inhaling lead or consuming it. Before the 1980s, when the government banned lead from consumer use, it could be found in paint, plumbing, pipes, ceramics, and even gasoline. Lead paint is toxic for the same reason lead itself is toxic, which is why lead poisoning from paint presents the same as lead poisoning from water or food sources, with a slight increase in respiratory symptoms vs. digestive symptoms. Lead paint is most dangerous when it’s old and peeling, cracking, or otherwise disturbed. This increases the concentration in the air and, therefore, in breathable air. 

Lead exposure poses significant health risks, including neurological, developmental, and behavioral disorders, especially critical in young children and fetuses.

“Testing” can start with your senses: Assessing your water’s appearance, taste, and smell can all be good first steps. The best way to know for sure what’s going on with your water is to use a well water testing kit, which can tell you about the specific levels of bacteria, dissolved solids, and hardness of your water with precision. Have a pro test your well water at least once per year.