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While power washing isn't a requirement before you stain a fence, it can make the job much easier and faster while reducing manual labor requirements. The stain will not work if the wood is full of dirt and dust, so power washing, sometimes called pressure washing, is a fast and effective way to prepare the wood for staining. Remember that you need to stain or repaint relatively soon after the wood has dried so that there isn’t time for dust and dirt to build up again. 

Manufacturers use a different process and formula for exterior paint versus interior. The exterior formula has to withstand elements like temperature, UV lighting, moisture, wind, and debris. Interior paint doesn’t need to be as tough, only exposed to dust, scratches, dents, scuff marks, and the like.

How long limewash will last depends on the quality of the application and the porosity of the surface. For example, a limewash on brick will last five to seven years. If it's a home exterior application, exposure to specific weather conditions is also a factor. Limewash tends to develop a patina over time, and its natural look masks damage and imperfections well.

Applying a topcoat sealer is not required, but it will keep the stain from fading over time. This is particularly important if the stain imparts a color or varnish. If you’re staining exterior wood, you should apply a sealant or finish to prevent weather-related issues down the line. Also, stained wood that lacks a seal won’t look as clean and fresh. A clear topcoat will give it the professional result you want.