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You can seal a concrete slab by cleaning the surface, filling in any cracks, etching the surface, applying a sealer, and letting it dry. Concrete slabs don't typically need sealing, but you can use a topical concrete sealer if you notice signs of water damage. If you haven't already fixed the cause of the leak, then you'll want to repair the plumbing before you seal a concrete slab.

Sealing resurfaced concrete is not an absolute necessity. However, it is recommended, and in most cases, a high-quality concrete sealer can protect the surface from stains as well as water penetration, extending the life of the resurfacing material. Some sealers are formulated to protect pigments from fading due to UV exposure. Sealer tends to enhance the colors in decorative resurfacing applications, making them more vibrant and richer compared to the duller, more faded appearance of concrete colors without sealer.

You’ll usually need to prime a garage floor before painting—especially if the floor is unpainted. Garage floors are made from concrete, which is porous and produces dust. The dust can contaminate the paint and cause issues with adherence. 

Primer creates a barrier and gives you a clean surface to work on. It also minimizes absorption to help give you an even, pro-looking paint job. Make sure you choose a primer that’s specifically designed to cover concrete flooring.

Concrete can take years to fully settle, but interior concrete floors are mostly settled after a year. Shifting and settling can occur throughout your home’s life, but most major settling happens the first few years after the concrete is poured. It’s not uncommon for minor cracks to appear in concrete floors over time—check with a concrete pro to ensure new cracks don’t indicate a structural issue in your home.