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When a dishwasher discharges its wastewater, it uses a pump to quickly move a lot of water. If anything in the drain line or the garbage disposal impedes the high volume of water, it will back up into the sink through the drain or the garbage disposal. Following regular dishwasher maintenance tips like clearing clogs, keeping them cleared, and occasionally running the disposal will eliminate the problem.

Any drain in your house requires a water trap to prevent sewer gases from entering the home. Dishwashers don’t have an internal water trap, so they must use an external P trap. The most convenient P trap for the dishwasher is already in the plumbing under your sink.

To clean an old dishwasher without a filter, start by removing the bottom rack to access the drain area. Use a damp cloth or sponge to wipe down the interior, paying special attention to the corners and crevices where food particles and debris can build up. Pour a cup of white vinegar into a dishwasher-safe bowl and place it on the top rack, then run a hot water cycle to help break down grease and grime. After the cycle, sprinkle a cup of baking soda across the bottom of the dishwasher and run a short hot water cycle to deodorize and further clean the interior. 

A clogged air gap can cause a dishwasher not to drain. There are, however, other potential issues that can lead to improper drainage. For example, if you have attached the air gap to a garbage disposal and forgotten to remove the knockout plug, wastewater may backflow into the dishwasher. Check that the air gap is installed properly, and then look for clogs in the air gap and dishwasher filters.