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Yes, joists are considered structural, as they support the flooring or roofing above them and help distribute the load to the beams, which, in turn, distribute that load to weight-bearing walls or foundational supports directly below them. Joists not only help distribute the load evenly to your beams, but they also provide direct support to the subfloor in flooring systems, which helps reduce creaking and the risk of uneven flooring.

It’s sometimes safe to replace a load-bearing wall with a beam, but you need a structural engineer to sign off on the project. You’ll also likely have to upgrade to a steel I-beam or another material that’s stronger than wood to maintain the level of support you need without the wall underneath.

When deciding whether to use nails or screws for framing, the specific needs of the project must be taken into account. Nails have long been the go-to option for framing due to their affordability, ease of installation, and ability to withstand shear forces. They are perfect for structural framing projects where fast assembly is essential. In contrast, screws offer exceptional holding power and are particularly useful in situations requiring increased strength and resistance to pull-out forces. For projects that prioritize accuracy and long-lasting quality, screws may be the preferred option, though nails remain a dependable and efficient choice.

When building a house, it is customary to use 16d nails that measure 3 1/2 inches in length to construct the frame. These nails are crucial in providing the necessary support and stability for structural elements like joists and studs, which ensures a sturdy framework.