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It’s possible to pour concrete if the temperatures are expected to dip below freezing at night, but you need to take some special precautions before you do. Most importantly, you need to make sure your concrete won’t freeze, so the best thing to do is enclose the area and heat it. You should also make sure you’re using cold-weather concrete that’s designed for pouring in cold weather. Use accelerants to help speed up the curing process and avoid cold temperatures from resulting in weak concrete.

Yes, including sustainable mixes and reflective surfaces to reduce heat absorption.

A concrete base—or concrete footings, more specifically—is necessary for a freestanding pergola build. A pergola is top-heavy and can’t stand on its own, so it will always need some type of base or support. If you’re attaching a pergola to a deck, the deck’s supportive joists will act as the support, so there will be no concrete base or footings necessary.

Deciding between concrete, stone, or brick pavers comes down to your budget and the ease of installation. Concrete is the least expensive material, followed by brick and then natural stone. Concrete pavers are also the easiest to install, but bricks are relatively easy as well. Stone pavers require more time and labor because their natural shapes make them harder to fit together. Professional stoneworkers, however, are able to shape them as needed.