MERV10 vs. MERV12 Air Filters: What’s the Difference?​

Choosing the right air filter is critical for the air quality in your home, and that starts with differentiating MERV10 vs. MERV12. Air filters use the MERV rating system (short for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) to gauge their level of effectiveness. The higher the MERV rating, the more particles the filter can trap, but that doesn’t always mean it’s the best fit for your system.

Two of the most common mid-level options, MERV10 and MERV12, offer varying levels of filtration and airflow, and choosing the right one depends on your priorities as well as the compatibility with your HVAC system. Let’s break down the key differences to help you make the best choice for your home.

MERV10 vs MERV12: Key Differences

The difference between MERV10 and MERV12 air filters is the level of filtration they offer: MERV12 filters trap smaller airborne particles like pet dander, smoke, and even some bacteria, whereas MERV10 filters capture larger particles such as dust, pollen, and mold spores. 

That said, MERV12 filters may slightly restrict airflow more than MERV10, and may be too restrictive for some HVAC systems, but they offer superior air quality for homes with allergy sufferers or pets.

What Is MERV10?​

MERV 10 filters offer mid-level filtration that works well for average households. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), they’re capable of trapping up to 80% of particles between 3 and 10 microns, and up to 50% of particles between 1 and 3 microns. This includes dust mites, mold spores, pollen, and some pet dander. These filters are commonly used in homes without high indoor air quality demands.

Best for: 

• Households without high levels of pet dander or air pollutants

• Homes with average dust levels

• HVAC systems sensitive to airflow restriction

Pros of MERV10

One of the biggest advantages of MERV10 filters is that they strike a balance between air quality and airflow. These air filters effectively trap common allergens like dust, mold spores, and pollen, improving air cleanliness without straining the HVAC system. They’re also very affordable and easy to find at most hardware stores.

Cons of MERV10

The biggest downside is that MERV10 filters don’t trap ultra-fine particles, such as tobacco smoke or very fine pet dander, and only catch a limited amount of viruses and bacteria. If you have pets, respiratory issues, or live in an area with poor outdoor air quality, a MERV10 may not provide the level of clean air you need.

What Is MERV12?

MERV12 filters provide mid-to-high levels of filtration. Per EPA, these capture up to 90% of particles between 3 and 10 microns and up to 80% of particles between 1 and 3 microns. This includes pet dander, tobacco smoke, mold spores, and a greater number of airborne viruses and bacteria.

Compared to MERV10 filters, they’re a better choice for homes with allergy or asthma sufferers, smoking homes, and locations with heavier air pollution (such as urban or wildfire areas).

Best for: 

• Allergy- or asthma-prone households

• Homes with multiple pets or pets with fine dander

• Urban environments and other places with air pollution concerns

• Those wanting extra protection from fine particles like viruses and bacteria

Pros of MERV12

MERV12 filters trap tobacco smoke, pet dander, and even some viruses and bacteria, which makes them a great option for homes with allergy sufferers or chronic respiratory issues. They can also help reduce airborne contaminants during wildfire season or in urban settings with poor air quality. While the best filters for indoor quality have MERV ratings between 13 and 16, MERV12 filters can still yield a significant improvement.

Cons of MERV12

Because MERV12 filters are denser, they can restrict airflow more than lower-rated filters. This isn’t a problem for most modern HVAC systems, but it can potentially strain older systems or those not rated for filters with higher MERV ratings. If you’re not sure if your current HVAC system can handle this level of MERV rating, or if you’re looking into an upgrade, get in touch with a local HVAC technician to learn more about your options.

Percentage of Particles Captured by MERV10 vs. MERV12 Filters

MERV10 vs. MERV12​

If you’re deciding between a MERV10 versus a MERV12 filter for your HVAC system, here’s a comparison of the main points to consider.

Filtration Capabilities: MERV12

The basic idea of MERV ratings is that a higher number means better filtration capabilities, so MERV12 is the natural winner in this category. It traps smaller particles and a greater percentage of pollutants than MERV10, making it better suited for allergy sufferers, pet owners, or those concerned with fine airborne pollutants like tobacco smoke, viruses, and bacteria.

Airflow Allowance: MERV10

MERV10 filters are less restrictive and allow for better airflow, reducing strain on HVAC systems. If your unit isn’t designed for high-efficiency filters, MERV10 is the safer choice.

Allergen Reduction: MERV12

If you suffer from allergies or asthma, MERV12 offers superior protection. It captures smaller particles that can trigger symptoms, including fine pet dander and airborne bacteria.

Cost: MERV10

MERV10 filters tend to be cheaper, both upfront and over time. If you're looking for a more economical option and don’t need high-level filtration, MERV10 is a perfectly suitable choice.

HVAC System Compatibility: MERV10

MERV10 is more universally compatible with HVAC systems, especially older units or those not designed for filters with a higher MERV rating. On the other hand, MERV12 may require a system check to ensure it doesn’t impact performance.