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Black is the standard color for hot wires, which transfer electricity to your outlets and switches. Red wires are also hot wires. White (and sometimes gray) wires are considered neutral, delivering power back to the panel. Finally, green wires, which are sometimes bare copper, are ground wires, used to ground an electrical circuit and prevent electrocution.

They can vary—a lot. For example, while the EU continues to move toward broader standardization, many different types of outlets still exist from country to country. Some local standards cared about polarization, and some didn’t. It’s similar to other countries around the world.

Generally, you’re less likely to find polarized outlets outside North America. However, alternative plugs and outlets often incorporate precautions so that accidentally touching live prongs on a plug is hard or impossible. You may also find interesting regulations overseas that limit the use of outlets in bathrooms or near sinks to decrease the chance of shock.

Just as fluorescent lights are more efficient than incandescent lights, LED lights are more efficient to run than fluorescent lights. The specifics will vary from product to product, but LED lights are typically twice as efficient as equivalent fluorescent lights. A 13-watt CFL bulb can replace a 60-watt incandescent bulb, but a 6- to 8-watt LED bulb can offer the same amount of brightness. Fluorescent lights offer about 50 lumens per watt, while LEDs offer about 100 lumens per watt. LED light bulbs typically last two to three times as long as CFL bulbs, too. 

Yes, a dead outlet can be dangerous and may cause a fire. The lack of power can be due to a hazardous electrical issue that poses a fire risk. If you notice a burning smell, discoloration, or sparks from a non-working outlet, it is a serious issue. It is vital to have a professional electrician investigate and fix the problem as soon as possible.