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Yes, you can absolutely make your own mulch, and there are a few ways to go about it. First, you can lay down pine needles or mulched leaves if you’re mulching in the fall. In the spring and summer, you can use mulched grass clippings. Alternatively, you can lay down a few layers of newspaper in your garden and gently wet the paper to keep it in place.

Generally, it is not necessary to remove old mulch before applying a new layer. As organic mulch breaks down, it enriches the soil with nutrients. However, you should remove the old layer if it shows signs of fungus or disease, which can be common in moist areas, or if the total depth is already too thick. Avoid letting the total mulch depth exceed 3 inches, as this can harm plant roots. If you do remove old, disease-free mulch, it can be added to a compost pile.

Although palm trees are self-pruning and will eventually remove their own brown leaves with new growth, there are a couple of instances when you might still want to go ahead and do the work yourself. For example, remove brown palm leaves if you live in an area with a greater risk of wildfires or if the leaves obstruct your pathway. But as long as the leaves pose no safety hazards, you don’t have to worry about pruning them.

It may sound icky, but yes, urine encourages microbial activity that breaks down organic matter faster. It’s rich in nitrogen, which helps balance carbon-heavy materials like dry leaves or straw. Use sparingly and apply it to a well-balanced pile, not one already high in nitrogen.