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Your toilet will still flush if the septic tank is full, but it might flush more slowly. It may make gurgling sounds as the wastewater slowly drains through the pipes. You may also notice the toilet clogs up more frequently when the septic tank is full, although this can also be a sign of other plumbing issues, like a clog in the pipes.

All municipalities in the U.S. require a permit for septic tank installation or septic system alteration, and the permit will usually cost between $450 and $2,500. Some municipalities also require permits for septic system repair. You’ll either need to contact your local building department or your septic tank company to ask if this is necessary before carrying out the work. Permits are not typically required to have your septic tank pumped, so provided your septic company is licensed, you can move forward with the work as needed.

There are three layers of wastewater in a septic tank: scum (solid waste that floats to the top of the wastewater), liquid (the relatively clean liquid wastewater in between the two other layers), and sludge (solid waste that falls to the bottom of the wastewater). The buildup of sludge is one of the main reasons septic tanks need to be pumped. If the tank is more than 1/3 of the way full with a combination of sludge and scum, it’s time to call a pro for pumping.

The cost to pump a septic tank is $400 on average for most homeowners. You could spend as low as $250 if you have a smaller septic tank or as much as $600 or more if your tank is 1,750 gallons. 

The size of your septic tank is the primary determining price factor, but your geographic location can also play a part in your overall cost. For example, pumping a septic tank in Minneapolis, Minnesota, costs between $175 and $275 on average, but in Portland, Oregon, you'll spend between $440 and $750.