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Most building codes require that spindles or balusters on deck and stair railings be spaced no more than four inches apart. This safety standard, often called the '4-inch sphere rule,' is designed to prevent small children or pets from slipping through the railing. A good way to visualize this is that a 4-inch sphere should not be able to pass between two spindles. For the same safety reason, the space between the bottom rail and the deck floor should also be no more than four inches. As a general guideline, professionals often install three balusters per foot of railing. However, since specific requirements can vary by location, it is crucial to check your local building codes to ensure compliance before starting your project.

No. In most cases, it’s not colder or freezing temperatures that affect decking materials but the amount of moisture that seeps into the materials as a result. For example, wood decking material is more likely to suffer from rot or decay when exposed to excess moisture from snow or ice. An extreme change in temperature can cause wood to expand or contract, but only if it’s not properly treated beforehand.

Hangers are one way of attaching stair stringers to a deck. These metal hangers are usually adjustable, allowing you to find the ideal angle for a secure installation. They’re the best choice for installing longer staircases, such as one on a two-story deck, to reduce the load on the deck frame while keeping the stairs stable.

Ideally, a gate should be able to swing both in and out. However, if it can only open in one direction, it is generally best for it to swing inward. This is often the safest option, especially for deck gates near steps, as you'll want the gate to swing away from the stairs. An inward swing also prevents the gate from opening into a public space, like a sidewalk, and can be more convenient when carrying heavy items like a wheelbarrow into a garden.

There are exceptions, however. The layout of your property may require a different approach. For example, if your property is on a slope, the gate may not be able to swing inward. You should also ensure the gate can open fully without colliding with any objects or blocking access to other areas. For a backyard garden gate where public access isn't a concern, the direction it swings is largely a matter of personal preference. Finally, always check your local building codes, as they may have specific requirements for which way a gate must swing.