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A clogged air gap can cause a dishwasher not to drain. There are, however, other potential issues that can lead to improper drainage. For example, if you have attached the air gap to a garbage disposal and forgotten to remove the knockout plug, wastewater may backflow into the dishwasher. Check that the air gap is installed properly, and then look for clogs in the air gap and dishwasher filters. 

Local plumbing codes and manufacturer recommendations typically dictate the minimum distance between a sink and a dishwasher. This is generally 18 to 24 inches, providing enough room for easy loading and unloading of dishes without hindering the sink's function. Maintaining this separation not only adds convenience but also reduces the chances of water damage and optimizes plumbing connections.

Yes, vinegar is an excellent homemade solution to clean a dishwasher. Its acidity will cut through any buildup, while its natural deodorizing capabilities will take care of any nasty smells. 

If the dishwasher is in working condition, start and run a complete cycle with nothing inside. Let it drain and sit overnight before removing the hoses. In theory, it should effectively drain. You may find residual water in the hoses, but you can plug them. If the dishwasher breaks down midcycle it can sometimes be full of water. You’ll need to manually remove the water with a plastic cup before removing the dishwasher.