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Several types of insulation are effective for crawl spaces, with spray foam and rigid foam boards being two of the best options. Closed-cell spray foam insulation is a strong choice because it effectively repels moisture, resists biological growth, seals the air, and provides excellent thermal protection, especially in hard-to-reach areas. Rigid foam insulation boards are another excellent material as they insulate well, resist water damage, and will not settle over time like fiberglass or cellulose.

Although the two terms are closely related and often used interchangeably, pier and beam foundations and crawl spaces are different things. A pier and beam foundation is made up of concrete piers and wooden beams and creates a space under the home known as a crawl space. There are several types of foundations that create crawl spaces, often collectively known as “crawl space foundations,” but the crawl space itself is separate from the foundation. 

External pressure on the basement wall can cause it to bow inward. Soil, heavy with water saturation, is commonly the main culprit. The soil exerts immense pressure on the wall, causing it to fail, at least partially. This is known as hydrostatic pressure—these situations can occur after rainfall or simply due to regular groundwater presence and may be temporary or more permanent.  

A walkout basement is considered to be partially below grade because at least one wall is entirely exposed. In some cases and in specific municipalities, inspectors and appraisers will still count walkout basements as below grade, which means the space can’t serve as living space or be rented out. If you intend on using the area as living space or a separate apartment, you should check with your local building department to make sure it’s legal to do so.