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The frequency for cleaning air vents can vary. As a general guideline, you should inspect and clean your return air vents at least once a year, while a more thorough cleaning of all vents is recommended every two to five years. However, you should clean them more frequently if you notice a significant buildup of dust or debris on the vents, see mold growth, find signs of a pest infestation, or notice an unusual amount of dust accumulating on your furniture. More frequent cleaning may also be necessary to maintain good indoor air quality if household members have allergies.

Before you start removing mold, turn off the furnace. Clean away any visible mold from accessible areas using a mixture of water and mild detergent. Change air filters and check for moisture sources like leaks. If the problem persists or it's widespread, hire a local HVAC company for professional cleaning.

You should remove and clean your HRV filters about once a month, as debris will build up quickly, especially on the fresh air side of the ductwork. Even with routine cleaning, you should plan to replace the filters at least once a year or more often if you find that they’re getting dirty quickly during operation.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there are no studies that definitively show duct cleaning prevents health problems or reduces dust levels in homes. However, cleaning can have noticeable benefits. It can improve indoor air quality by removing dust, allergens, and other contaminants, which may help people with allergies or respiratory issues. It can also reduce unpleasant odors, help identify mold growth, and enhance the efficiency and lifespan of your HVAC system by ensuring proper airflow. This improved airflow can reduce strain on the system, potentially lowering energy consumption and utility bills. Cleaning is particularly beneficial if ducts are filthy after a major renovation or a pest problem.