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Insulation can be made of cellulose, fiberglass, polyurethane, polystyrene, or mineral wool. Radiant barriers are often made of aluminum or other similarly reflective materials, but they will need to be paired with something else because they don’t provide heating benefits. Cellulose is among the most eco-friendly options and may be recycled when it’s past its shelf-life, whereas polyurethane and polystyrene both emit harmful compounds and will need to be handled with care during installation.

Yes, many professionals offer insulation options, such as insulated siding (including insulated metal siding), to improve your home's energy efficiency.

Asphalt roofs provide better insulation than metal roofs, but that doesn’t always mean that asphalt roofs are better for reducing heating and cooling bills. In hotter climates, metal roofs will usually be better for home efficiency because the material reflects more sunlight and reduces solar heat gain. In colder climates, asphalt roofs are sometimes superior in terms of efficiency because they introduce more solar heat gain to your home and have greater insulating capabilities. However, metal roofs installed with an air gap can provide similar levels of insulation.

How to dispose of insulation depends on a few factors, including the condition of the material. While you can simply bag up and throw away many kinds of insulation, some municipalities offer recycling, so it's worth checking with yours. If there are contaminants such as asbestos in your insulation, abatement and specialized disposal are often necessary.