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The terms “roof shingles” and “roof tiles” are sometimes used interchangeably, but the term “shingles” most often refers to asphalt, rubber, metal, or slate shingles, and the term “tiles” normally means they’re made from clay or concrete. In all cases, shingles are small, rectangular components that a roofer layers in an overlapping pattern to protect the structure underneath from the elements.

Flapping shingles, or shingles that are lifting or curling away from your roof, can be glued back into place using roofing cement or sealant. Apply the glue underneath the shingle, then press it down firmly. You can leave a brick on top of the shingle to hold it in place overnight while the sealant dries.

A roof replacement will usually include removal of your old roof, shingle replacement, and a new roof underlayment, but it may only include adding new shingles if you’re layering new shingles over the old shingles. If you have signs of roof leaks or your roofer finds water damage to the roof decking underneath your old roof, it can also include replacement of the OSB or plywood decking that lays over your rafters and supports the roofing material above.

You shouldn’t put a new roof underlayment over an old one for a few reasons. Old felt must be removed in order to assess the condition of your roof decking, such as rotting wood or other structural issues. Also, if your roofer doesn't install a fresh layer of felt as is required by shingle manufacturers, your warranty may be voided. Finally, old underlayment removal is often included in the cost of roof repair or replacement, so there's no real benefit to leaving it on before installing a new layer.