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The most obvious and severe sign of a roof leak is the presence of wet spots on your ceilings, specifically on the top floor of your home. You can also identify a roof leak from your attic if you see sagging insulation or if you notice mold growth or water stains on the rafters or the underside of the roof deck. From the street, look for cracked or missing shingles, moss growth, and shingles that are curling upward, all of which can suggest a leak.

The four types of roof sheathing are plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), planks, and tone-and-groove boards. The overwhelming majority of homes use the first two (especially OSB) and the other two are not often seen outside of special use cases. Methods of sheathing include solid sheathing, open sheathing where there are gaps, and plank sheathing. Most roofs are solid sheathing.

Just like when you’re shingling a roof, you can install felt underlayment under a metal roof, but a synthetic underlayment like adhered ice and water shield is the best option. These use adhesives rather than mechanical fasteners, so you have fewer penetrations going through your roof deck and a lower risk of leaks. Ice and water shield is also easier to install because you don’t need additional tools or fasteners to attach it to the roof deck.

Removing snow from your roof can help prevent ice dams, but the best thing to do is address insulation issues in your attic. If you do decide to remove the snow manually, you should always use a roof rake rather than a shovel. You shouldn’t climb your snowy roof in any circumstance, and roof rake allows you to remove the snow from the ground or a ladder. For the best results, remove snow as soon as possible after it falls.