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A clogged air gap can cause a dishwasher not to drain. There are, however, other potential issues that can lead to improper drainage. For example, if you have attached the air gap to a garbage disposal and forgotten to remove the knockout plug, wastewater may backflow into the dishwasher. Check that the air gap is installed properly, and then look for clogs in the air gap and dishwasher filters. 

To clean an old dishwasher without a filter, start by removing the bottom rack to access the drain area. Use a damp cloth or sponge to wipe down the interior, paying special attention to the corners and crevices where food particles and debris can build up. Pour a cup of white vinegar into a dishwasher-safe bowl and place it on the top rack, then run a hot water cycle to help break down grease and grime. After the cycle, sprinkle a cup of baking soda across the bottom of the dishwasher and run a short hot water cycle to deodorize and further clean the interior. 

The drain pump will naturally make a standard operational and draining sound several times throughout your dishwasher cycle. If you hear abnormally loud sounds like scraping, grinding, or clicking, you may have food debris or a piece of glass stuck in your drain filter. Avoid dishwasher repair by always scraping food off your dishes and loading the racks correctly.

Basic maintenance, such as cleaning filters, is DIY-friendly, but repairs involving electrical components, pumps, or valves should be handled by a professional.