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You can leave grass clippings on the lawn, depending on their length. You don’t want to completely cover new grass and block it from sunlight, or encourage moss crowd out the more delicate grass. However, short clippings are usually fine to leave on the lawn. In some cases, they can be beneficial: Clippings can be a source of fertilizer and help protect the ground as young grass blades develop.

While you can leave roots in the ground, if you don’t want the shrub to regrow again over time, it’s best not to leave any roots behind. Ensure you remove as much of the shrub as possible, including the root ball and any main roots you can see, to prevent new growth. Some gardeners opt for using a chemical treatment to prevent the stump from growing back, but this can kill beneficial microorganisms living in your soil.

There are several ways to dispose of excess sod, including building a compost pile, taking it to a green waste disposal facility, donating the sod, or reusing it in another part of your yard. It’s a good idea to check with your local municipality to see how to get rid of yard waste, as some areas have local regulations on what can go in the green waste bin. For example, your recycling services may reject too much soil added to green waste.

Generally, it is not necessary to remove old mulch before applying a new layer. As organic mulch breaks down, it enriches the soil with nutrients. However, you should remove the old layer if it shows signs of fungus or disease, which can be common in moist areas, or if the total depth is already too thick. Avoid letting the total mulch depth exceed 3 inches, as this can harm plant roots. If you do remove old, disease-free mulch, it can be added to a compost pile.